A department head shouldn’t learn at quarter end that the budget is gone. They hear on a Monday instead, because committed money counts before it’s spent.
The finance controller sets a budget per cost centre and period and splits it into the lines people actually spend against. Money that has been promised is counted apart from money that has gone, so a line that looks fine on the bank statement can still show as overdrawn. Approved purchase requests, renewed subscriptions and approved projects commit against their line by themselves when those apps are installed. Changing the plan is an adjustment somebody else has to approve.
Budget: Draft · Active · Closed
Spend: Open · Invoiced · Paid · Cancelled
Adjustment: Proposed · Approved · Rejected
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Every app here installs on its own and works on its own. Adding a companion is what makes both do more.